Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object Volume: a measure of how much space an object takes up Weight: the force of gravity between Earth and an object Density: a measure of how tightly packed the matter in an object is Conductor: allows energy to flow through it easily (metals) Insulator: doesn't allow energy to flow through (plastic, wood, rubber)
Solid: a form of matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space Liquid: A form of matter that takes up a definite amount of space and has no definite shape. Gas: A state of matter that does not take up a definite amount of space and has no definite shape. Melting Point: The temperature at which a substance changes state from a solid to a liquid. Boiling Point: The temperature at which a substance changes state from a liquid to a gas. Freezing Point: The temperature at which a substance changes state from a liquid to a solid.
Contracting: the shrinking of materials when they get colder Expanding: the spreading of materials when they get hotter
Physical Changes: A change of matter in size, state, or shape without any change in identity. Chemical Changes: A change of matter that occurs when atoms link together in a new way, creating a new substance different from the original substance (formation of a gas, light/heat, and or color change) Reactants: an original substance at the beginning of a chemical reaction Products: A new substance produced by a chemical change
Heat Transfer: The passing of heat through one of three means of transferring (transfers from hotter materials to cooler materials) Conduction: The transfer of heat through a material via touch. ConVection: The transfer of heat through a liquid or a gas, causing hot parts to rise and cooler parts to sink. "Ray"diation: The transfer of heat through electromagnetic rays.